{"id":19,"date":"2012-11-13T19:25:54","date_gmt":"2012-11-13T19:25:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bohu.net\/blog\/?p=19"},"modified":"2012-11-13T19:25:54","modified_gmt":"2012-11-13T19:25:54","slug":"%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84%e8%93%9d%e5%9b%be-%e8%bd%af%e4%bb%b6%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84-41-%e8%a7%86%e5%9b%be%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bohu.net\/blog\/19\/","title":{"rendered":"\u67b6\u6784\u84dd\u56fe&#8211;\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784 &#8220;4+1&#8221; \u89c6\u56fe\u6a21\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u67b6\u6784\u84dd\u56fe&#8211;\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784 &#8220;4+1&#8221; \u89c6\u56fe\u6a21\u578b<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><a title=\"\" href=\"#author1\" rel=\"#authortip1\">Philippe Kruchten<\/a>, \u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u5458<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/strong> \u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5e76\u53d1\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u63cf\u8ff0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u91cd\u89c6\u56fe\u5141\u8bb8\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5404&#8221;\u98ce\u9669\u627f\u62c5\u4eba&#8221;\uff1a\u6700\u7ec8\u7528\u6237\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u7406\u7b49\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u5904\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u4e94\u79cd\u89c6\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6355\u83b7\u6bcf\u79cd\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c6\u56fe\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u67b6\u6784\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u3001\u573a\u666f\u9a71\u52a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a name=\"N10032\"><\/a>\u5f15\u8a00<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6b32\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u5f20\u89c6\u56fe\u6765\u6355\u6349\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u8981\u70b9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6846\u548c\u7bad\u5934\uff0c\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\u4f5c\u8005\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u89c6\u56fe\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u8d85\u8fc7\u5176\u8868\u8fbe\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u3002\u65b9\u6846\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5417\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5757\u5417\uff1f\u6216\u662f\u7269\u7406\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5417\uff1f\u6216\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u5417\uff1f\u7bad\u5934\u662f\u8868\u793a\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u5417\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u5417\uff1f\u6216\u662f\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u5417\uff1f\u901a\u5e38\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u662f\u5426\u67b6\u6784\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u6837\u5f0f\uff1f\u6709\u65f6\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u6e90\u4e8e\u8fc7\u65e9\u5730\u5212\u5206\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6216\u8fc7\u5206\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u56e2\u961f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u67b6\u6784\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709&#8221;\u5ba2\u6237&#8221;\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4&#8221;\u98ce\u9669\u627f\u62c5\u4eba&#8221;\uff0cUSC \u7684\u547d\u540d\uff09\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u63d0\u53ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1aGarlan &amp; Shaw\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"#resources\">1<\/a>\u3001CMU \u7684 Abowd &amp; Allen\u3001SEI \u7684 Clements\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u4ec5\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"#ibm-pcon\">\u56de\u9875\u9996<\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"N1003F\"><\/a>\u67b6\u6784\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7cbe\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c06\u82e5\u5e72\u7ed3\u6784\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u88c5\u914d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6ee1\u8db3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u4f38\u7f29\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002Perry \u548c Wolfe \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u5f0f\u7531 Boehm \u505a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fee\u6539\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784 \uff1d {\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\/\u7ea6\u675f}<\/p>\n<p>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u5206\u89e3\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u3001\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u7f8e\u5b66\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u6216\u89c6\u89d2\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578b\u7684\u3001\u5bcc\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5305\u542b\u4e94\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\uff08\u8bf7\u5bf9\u7167\u56fe 1\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\uff08Logical View\uff09\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\uff08Process View\uff09\uff0c\u6355\u6349\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7269\u7406\u89c6\u56fe\uff08Physical View\uff09\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5230\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f00\u53d1\u89c6\u56fe\uff08Development View\uff09\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u9759\u6001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u4f8b \uff08use cases\uff09\u6216\u573a\u666f(scenarios)\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u90e8\u5206\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u6f14\u8fdb\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N10062\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe 1 \uff0d &#8220;4\uff0b1&#8243;\u89c6\u56fe\u6a21\u578b<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image002.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe 1 \uff0d &quot;4\uff0b1&quot;\u89c6\u56fe\u6a21\u578b\" width=\"456\" height=\"322\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u4e0a\u5747\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u5e94\u7528 Perry &amp; Wolf \u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6355\u83b7\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5c06\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9700\u6c42\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u89c6\u56fe\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\uff0d\u84dd\u56fe\uff08blueprint\uff09\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u67b6\u6784\u5e08\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6bcf\u79cd\u89c6\u56fe\u9009\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u98ce\u683c\uff08architectural style\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u591a\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\u5e76\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8f6e\u6d41\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e94\u79cd\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u5404\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u5373\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5e76\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ece PABX \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u5728Alcatel \u5546\u4e1a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Alcatel Business System\uff09\u4e0a\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u822a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Air Traffic Control system\uff09\u4e2d\u5f15\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u2015\u65e8\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u53ca\u5176\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;4+1&#8243;\u89c6\u56fe\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684&#8221;\u666e\u904d\u6027&#8221;\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6807\u6ce8\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u3002\u4f46\u6587\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7528\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N1007B\"><\/a>\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<p>\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5206\u89e3<\/p>\n<p>\u903b\u8f91\u67b6\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u652f\u6301\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u9700\u6c42\u2015\u2015\u5373\u5728\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u65b9\u9762\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5173\u952e\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\uff08\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff09\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u57df\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5206\u89e3\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7528\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u904d\u5e03\u7cfb\u7edf\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u901a\u7528\u673a\u5236\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 Rational\/Booch \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8868\u793a\u903b\u8f91\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u7c7b\u56fe\u548c\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"#resources\">4<\/a>\u3002\u7c7b\u56fe\u7528\u6765\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u5173\u8054\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u6210\u7c7b\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7c7b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bc6\u522b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u56fe\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u56fe\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u516c\u5171\u673a\u5236\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7c7b\u529f\u80fd \uff08class utilities\uff09\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 E-R \u56fe\uff0c\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08OO approach\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u81ea Booch \u6807\u8bb0\u6cd54\u3002\u5f53\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u5177\u6709\u67b6\u6784\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u76f8\u5f53\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4fee\u9970\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 Rational Rose? \u6765\u652f\u6301\u903b\u8f91\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N10093\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe 2 \uff0d \u903b\u8f91\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a\u6cd5<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image004.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe 2 \uff0d \u903b\u8f91\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\" width=\"444\" height=\"309\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u98ce\u683c<\/p>\n<p>\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u91c7\u7528\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51c6\u5219\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5c31\u6bcf\u4e2a\u573a\u5408\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u8349\u7387\u7684\u7c7b\u548c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u6837\u4f8b<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe 3\u00a0 \u663e\u793a\u4e86 T\u00e9lic PABX \u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N100B1\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe 3 \uff0d a. T\u00e9lic PABX \u7684\u903b\u8f91\u84dd\u56fe b.\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u84dd\u56fe<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image006.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe 3 \uff0d a. T\u00e9lic PABX \u7684\u903b\u8f91\u84dd\u56fe b.\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\" width=\"468\" height=\"269\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>PABX \u5efa\u7acb\u7ec8\u7aef\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u7ec8\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7535\u8bdd\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7ebf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e2d\u592e\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff09\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u7ebf\uff08PABX \u4e13\u7ebf\u5230 PABX \u7ebf)\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u4e13\u7ebf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7ebf\u3001ISDN \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ebf\u8def\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u5361\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7ebf\u8def controller \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u5728\u63a5\u53e3\u5361\u4e0a\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u7801\u548c\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u63a5\u53e3\u5361\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u96c6\u5408\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a\u5f00\u59cb\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7b49\u3002controller \u5bf9\u8c61\u540c\u65f6\u627f\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u8be5\u7c7b\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u5b50\u7c7b\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u3002terminal \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u7ef4\u6301\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7ebf\u8def\u534f\u8c03\u5404\u9879\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528 numbering plan \u670d\u52a1\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u62e8\u53f7\u3002conversation \u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7ec8\u7aef \u3002conversation \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Translation Service(\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u7269\u7406\u6620\u5c04\u3001\u8def\u7531),\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u7acb\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8bed\u97f3\u8def\u5f84\u7684Connection Service \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5177\u6709\u67b6\u6784\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fe 3 b \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4ea4\u901a\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9876\u5c42\u7c7b\u56fe\uff0c\u5305\u542b 8 \u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7c7b\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N100C7\"><\/a>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784<\/p>\n<p>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u89e3<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u89e3\u51b3\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u6027\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u62bd\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u914d\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0d\u5373\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51e0\u79cd\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u72ec\u7acb\u6267\u884c\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u53eb\u4f5c&#8221;processes&#8221;\uff09\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4e00\u7ec4\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u901a\u8fc7 LAN \u6216\u8005 WAN \u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5e76\u5b58\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u79bb\u7ebf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5728\u7ebf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u652f\u6301\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u7248\u672c\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5171\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u6784\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u5355\u5143\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7b56\u7565\u63a7\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff08\u5373\uff1a\u5f00\u59cb\u3001\u6062\u590d\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u53ca\u5173\u95ed\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u5904\u7406\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u589e\u5f3a\u6216\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u5355\u72ec\u5730\u88ab\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u6b21\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u552f\u4e00\u5904\u7406\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u5143\u7d20\uff1b\u6b21\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65bd\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u9644\u52a0\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u7f13\u51b2\u3001\u6682\u505c\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a Ada Task \u6216\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002 \u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u901a\u8baf\u9014\u5f84\u662f\u826f\u597d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4efb\u52a1\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6216\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e7f\u64ad\u7b49\u3002\u6b21\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u5219\u4ee5\u4f1a\u89c1\u6216\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u6765\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u5904\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u5e94\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u914d\u505a\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u5047\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6d88\u606f\u6d41\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8f7d\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u84dd\u56fe\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u54d1\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0&#8221;\u4e2d\u7a7a&#8221;\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u6d4b\u91cf\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Filarey et al. \u5728\u4ed6\u7684 Eurocontrol \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4eceBooch\u6700\u521d\u4e3a Ada \u4efb\u52a1\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6269\u5c55\u800c\u6765\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u5173\u6ce8\u5728\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002(\u56fe 4)<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N100EA\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe 4 \uff0d \u8fc7\u7a0b\u84dd\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u6cd5<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image008.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe 4 \uff0d \u8fc7\u7a0b\u84dd\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\" width=\"492\" height=\"270\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u81ea TRW \u7684 Universal Network Architechure Services\uff08UNAS0\uff09 \u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u5305\u6269\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5197\u4f59\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u878d\u5165\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u3002UNAS \u5305\u542b Software Architect Lifecycle Environment(SALE)\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002SALE \u5141\u8bb8\u4ee5\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4efb\u52a1\u901a\u4fe1\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 Ada \u6216 C++ \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u6613\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9020\u6210\u592a\u591a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u98ce\u683c<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u98ce\u683c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u91c7\u7528 Garlan \u548c Shaw \u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd51,\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7ba1\u9053\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff08Pipes and filters\uff09,\u6216\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\/\u5355\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\/\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf,\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e K.Birman \u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684ISIS\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u6807\u6ce8\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N10108\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe 5 \uff0d T\u00e9lic PABX \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u84dd\u56fe\uff08\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image010.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe 5 \uff0d T\u00e9lic PABX \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u84dd\u56fe\uff08\u90e8\u5206\uff09\" width=\"576\" height=\"367\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u7531\u5355\u4e2a\u7684 Termal process \u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d Termal process \u7531\u8f93\u5165\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u9a71\u52a8\u3002Controller \u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u7ec4\u6210\u63a7\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\uff1aLow cycle rate task \u626b\u63cf\u6240\u6709\u7684\u975e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ec8\u7aef(200 ms)\uff0c\u5c06 High cycle rate task(10 ms)\u626b\u63cf\u6e05\u5355\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d High cycle rate task \u68c0\u6d4b\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 Main controller task\uff0c\u7531\u5b83\u6765\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca,\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc Controller \u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N1011B\"><\/a>\u5f00\u53d1\u67b6\u6784<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u89e3<\/p>\n<p>\u5f00\u53d1\u67b6\u6784\u5173\u6ce8\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5b9e\u9645\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6253\u5305\u6210\u5c0f\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5757\uff08\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e93\u6216\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u51e0\u4f4d\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5206\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u826f\u597d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u67b6\u6784\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u56fe\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u4e86&#8221;\u8f93\u51fa&#8221;\u548c&#8221;\u8f93\u5165&#8221;\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u67b6\u6784\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u52a0\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u63a7\u5236\u5f00\u53d1\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u5206\u5757\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u67b6\u6784\u8003\u8651\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u9879\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u5173\uff1a\u5f00\u53d1\u96be\u5ea6\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u548c\u901a\u7528\u6027\u53ca\u7531\u5de5\u5177\u96c6\u3001\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u67b6\u6784\u89c6\u56fe\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u914d\u3001\u56e2\u961f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff08\u6216\u56e2\u961f\u673a\u6784\uff09\u3001\u6210\u672c\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u5ea6\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u3001\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ebf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f00\u53d1\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Booch \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\uff0c\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u5177\u6709\u67b6\u6784\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N10135\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe 5 \uff0d \u5f00\u53d1\u84dd\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image012.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe 5 \uff0d \u5f00\u53d1\u84dd\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\" width=\"492\" height=\"252\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6765\u81ea Rational \u7684 Apex \u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u652f\u6301\u5f00\u53d1\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u548c\u524d\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002Rational Rose \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7ed8\u5236\u5f00\u53d1\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u5f00\u53d1\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801(Ada\u3001C++\uff09\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N10148\"><\/a>\u5f00\u53d1\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u98ce\u683c<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5c42\uff08layered\uff09\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49 4 \u5230 6 \u4e2a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u3002\u6bcf\u5c42\u5747\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u67d0\u5c42\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f9d\u8d56\u540c\u4e00\u5c42\u6216\u4f4e\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u590d\u6742\u6a21\u5757\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u91cf\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5c42\u6b21\u5f0f\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N10153\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe 6 \uff0d Hughes \u7a7a\u4e2d\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08HATS\uff09\u7684 5 \u4e2a\u5c42<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image014.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe 6 \uff0d Hughes \u7a7a\u4e2d\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08HATS\uff09\u7684 5 \u4e2a\u5c42\" width=\"528\" height=\"312\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5f00\u53d1\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe 6 \u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684 Hughes Aircraft \u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4ea4\u901a\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Air Traffic Control system\uff09\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ebf\u7684 5 \u4e2a\u5206\u5c42\u5f00\u53d1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u548c\u56fe 3 b \u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u67b6\u6784\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42 \u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u57df\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u6574\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u514d\u53d7\u4e0d\u540c\u786c\u4ef6\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u5e02\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u4e3a\u8be5\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 ATC \u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\uff08domain-specific software architecture\uff09\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6846\u67b6,\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u677f\u3002\u5c42\u6b21 5 \u5219\u975e\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1,\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7528\u6237\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u53e3\u300272 \u4e2a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e 5 \u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u5305\u542b\u4e86 10 \u81f3 50 \u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u84dd\u56fe\u4e0a\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N1016C\"><\/a>\u7269\u7406\u67b6\u6784<\/p>\n<p>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u81f3\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u6620\u5c04<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7cfb\u7edf\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff08\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\uff08\u541e\u5410\u91cf\uff09\u548c\u53ef\u4f38\u7f29\u6027\u3002\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u5904\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u81f3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u70b9\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8f6f\u4ef6\u81f3\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u53ca\u5bf9\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u84dd\u56fe\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5747\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N10180\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe 7 \uff0d \u7269\u7406\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a\u6cd5<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image016.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe 7 \uff0d \u7269\u7406\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\" width=\"316\" height=\"142\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>TRW \u7684 UNAS \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u8fc7\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784\u6620\u5c04\u81f3\u7269\u7406\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6620\u5c04 \u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N10198\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe 8 \uff0d PABX \u7684\u7269\u7406\u84dd\u56fe<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image018.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe 8 \uff0d PABX \u7684\u7269\u7406\u84dd\u56fe\" width=\"424\" height=\"208\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe 8 \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5927\u578b PABX \u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e,\u800c\u56fe 9 \u548c\u56fe 10 \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b PABX\u3002C\u3001F \u548c K \u662f\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N101AD\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe 9 \uff0d \u5e26\u6709\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5c0f\u578b PABX \u7269\u7406\u67b6\u6784<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image020.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe 9 \uff0d \u5e26\u6709\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5c0f\u578b PABX \u7269\u7406\u67b6\u6784\" width=\"162\" height=\"153\" border=\"0\" \/><br \/>\n<a name=\"N101BF\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe10\uff0d\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5927\u578bPABX\u7269\u7406\u84dd\u56fe<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image022.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe10\uff0d\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5927\u578bPABX\u7269\u7406\u84dd\u56fe\" width=\"480\" height=\"459\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N101CF\"><\/a>\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u5408\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89c6\u56fe<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u79cd\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u91cd\u8981\u573a\u666f\uff08\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u7528\u4f8b\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u65e0\u7f1d\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u573a\u666f\u63cf\u8ff0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u811a\u672c\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Rubin \u548c Goldberg \u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u68376\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u573a\u666f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u573a\u666f\u56fe\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ea4\u4e92\u56fe\u6765\u8868\u793a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u89c6\u56fe\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5197\u4f59\uff08\u56e0\u6b64&#8221;\uff0b1&#8243;\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u8bf4\u660e\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u65e2\u4ee5\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u53c8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67b6\u6784\u539f\u578b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u573a\u666f\u7684\u8868\u793a\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff08\u8bf7\u5bf9\u7167\u56fe 2\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7b26\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\uff08\u8bf7\u5bf9\u7167\u56fe 4\uff09\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u7ebf\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u903b\u8f91\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 Rational Rose \u6765\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe 11 \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5c0f\u578b PABX \u7684\u573a\u666f\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u811a\u672c\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1. Joe\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u6821\u9a8c\u6458\u673a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u6362,\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u5524\u9192\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2. \u7ec8\u7aef\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u53d1\u51fa\u62e8\u53f7\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3. \u63a7\u5236\u5668\u63a5\u53d7\u62e8\u53f7\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4. \u7ec8\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u62e8\u53f7\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u5206\u6790\u6570\u5b57\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5. \u6709\u6548\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5e8f\u5217\u88ab\u952e\u5165,\u7ec8\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N10207\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe 11 \uff0d \u672c\u5730\u547c\u53eb\u7684\u521d\u671f\u573a\u666f\u2015\u2015\u9636\u6bb5\u9009\u62e9<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image024.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe 11 \uff0d \u672c\u5730\u547c\u53eb\u7684\u521d\u671f\u573a\u666f\u2015\u2015\u9636\u6bb5\u9009\u62e9\" width=\"480\" height=\"198\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N10217\"><\/a>\u89c6\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u79cd\u89c6\u56fe\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u6b63\u4ea4\u7684\u6216\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6839\u636e\u67d0\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u89c6\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u5230\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u67b6\u6784\u6709\u51e0\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\uff1f\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u4eab\u6709\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f53\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5bf9\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u88ab\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3b\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u88ab\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3b\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6301\u4e45\u5316\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u662f\u5426\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u5e03\u6027\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u88ab\u7269\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1f\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5747\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684&#8221;\u5e76\u53d1\u6027&#8221;\uff0c\u5373\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u6709&#8221;\u5e73\u884c\u7684&#8221;\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u6240\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u786e\u5207\u5e76\u53d1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u6240\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4ec5\u662f\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u65bd\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cUnix \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216 Ada \u4efb\u52a1\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u67d0\u7c7b\u5916\u90e8\u89e6\u53d1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\u591a\u4e2a CPU\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8 CPU \u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88ab\u6302\u8d77\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u5176\u4ed6\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5206\u914d CPU\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5212\u5206\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff08\u63d0\u9ad8\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u4f38\u7f29\u6027\uff08\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u5171\u4eab\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u5206\u79bb\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08\u901a\u8fc7 Backup \u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7269\u7406\u76ee\u6807\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u9009\u5176\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ece\u5185\u81f3\u5916:<br \/>\n\u7531\u903b\u8f91\u67b6\u6784\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4ee3\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8be5\u4efb\u52a1\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u4ee3\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u8fd8\u6267\u884c\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5904\u7406\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u4e92\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6216\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u5c11\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7c7b\u5171\u4eab\u5355\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u805a\u5408\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fc7\u7a0b\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8f83\u5c11\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4ecd\u5141\u8bb8\u5206\u5e03\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7531\u5916\u81f3\u5185:<br \/>\n\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a\u8bc6\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u89e6\u53d1\uff1b\u5b9a\u4e49\u5904\u7406\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u800c\u975e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b83\u4eec\uff09\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e32\u884c\u5316\uff08serialization\uff09\u7ea6\u675f\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee3\u7406\u5206\u914d\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u5e03\u54ea\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5c06\u7c7b\uff08\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u6620\u5c04\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u6d3b\u52a8\u7c7b\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u5f62\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6620\u5c04\u81f3\u5355\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6267\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u4f73\u8fc7\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u3001\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1b\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u8fed\u4ee3\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6298\u8877\u3002\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Birman \u7b49\u4eba5 \u6216 Witt \u7b49\u4eba7\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u786e\u5207\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe 12 \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u7c7b\u96c6\u5408\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5047\u60f3\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4ea4\u901a\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u6620\u5c04\u81f3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>flight \u7c7b\u6620\u5c04\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a flight \u4ee3\u7406\u96c6\u5408\uff1a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u822a\u73ed\u7b49\u5f85\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u9891\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u5f88\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a CPU\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u822a\u73ed\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e flight server\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 flight server \u7684\u4e00\u53f0\u5907\u4efd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u822a\u73ed\u7684 profile \u548c clearance \u603b\u662f\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u822a\u73ed,\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7c7b,\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u4eab flight \u7c7b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u822a\u73ed\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u82e5\u5e72\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>sectorization \u7c7b\uff0c\u4e3a controller \u7684\u6743\u9650\u5206\u914d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7a7a\u57df\u5212\u5206\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4ec5\u80fd\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e flight \u7c7b\u5171\u4eab\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u5f97\u5e76\u4e0d\u9891\u7e41\u3002<\/p>\n<p>location \u548c arispace \u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u9759\u6001\u822a\u7a7a\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u81f3\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N1028D\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe 12 \uff0d \u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u5230\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u6620\u5c04<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image026.jpg\" alt=\"\u56fe 12 \uff0d \u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u5230\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u6620\u5c04\" width=\"540\" height=\"471\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u5230\u5f00\u53d1\u89c6\u56fe<\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Ada \u5305\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c6\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7c7b\uff08\u7c7b\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\uff09\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u7ec4\u5408\u5230\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5982\u56e2\u961f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u671f\u671b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u89c4\u6a21\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a 5 K \u6216 20 K SLOC\uff09\u3001\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u548c\u901a\u7528\u6027\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u4f9d\u636e\uff08\u53ef\u89c6\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6700\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u9010\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u89c6\u56fe\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u9879\u76ee\u89c4\u6a21\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u89c6\u56fe\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u4e5f\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bd4\u8f83\u56fe 3 b \u548c\u56fe 6\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9010\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7c7b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u5230\u5c42\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u7c7b\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684&#8221;\u5916\u90e8\u63a5\u53e3&#8221;\uff0d\u7f51\u5173\u79cd\u7c7b\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u904d\u5e03\u82e5\u5e72\u5c42\uff1a\u901a\u8baf\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5c42\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u7f51\u5173\u673a\u5236\u5728\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\uff0c\u800c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u5173\u5728\u7b2c 5 \u5c42\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\u5230\u7269\u7406\u89c6\u56fe<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u914d\u7f6e\u6620\u5c04\u81f3\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u786c\u4ef6\u3002Birman \u5728 ISIS \u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u6a21\u5f0f5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff1b\u800c\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5219\u662f\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N102AF\"><\/a>\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u526a\u88c1<\/p>\n<p>\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u90fd\u9700\u8981&#8221;4\uff0b1&#8243;\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u67b6\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a \u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u7269\u7406\u89c6\u56fe\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u00a0 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u89c6\u56fe\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u573a\u666f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5747\u9002\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N102B8\"><\/a>\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>Witt \u7b49\u4eba\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u67b6\u6784\u6307\u51fa\u4e86 4 \u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u52fe\u753b\u8349\u56fe\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u548c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5206\u6210\u4e86 12 \u4e2a \u6b65\u9aa47\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u592a&#8221;\u7ebf\u6027 \u5316&#8221;\u4e86\u3002\u5728 4 \u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u592a\u5c11\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5021\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u8fed\u4ee3\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u67b6\u6784\u5148\u88ab\u539f\u5f62\u5316\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u4f30\u91cf\u3001\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u7ec6\u5316\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u9664\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0e\u67b6\u6784\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9879\u76ee\u800c\u8a00\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u56e2\u961f\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u7b49\u7b49\uff08\u6b64\u5904\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u662f\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u539f\u5f62\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fed\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u9700\u6c42\u88ab\u7ec6\u5316\u3001\u6210\u719f\u5316\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u573a\u666f\u9a71\u52a8\uff08scenario-driven\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5173\u952e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u573a\u666f\uff08\u6216 use cases\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u88ab\u6355\u83b7\u3002\u5173\u952e\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6216\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5fc5\u987b\u51cf\u8f7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6280\u672f\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f00\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e3a\u67d0\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u3002\u573a\u666f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u5bf9\u82e5\u5e72\u7528\u6237\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f62\u6210&#8221;\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\u5f0f\u7684\u67b6\u6784&#8221;\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u573a\u666f\u8fdb\u884c&#8221;\u63cf\u8ff0&#8221;\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\uff08\u7c7b\u3001\u673a\u5236\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u5982 Rubin \u4e0e Goldberg6 \u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684 \u2015\u2015 \u5206\u89e3\u6210\u4e3a\u5e8f\u5217\u5bf9\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u5206\u5e03\u5230 4 \u4e2a\u84dd\u56fe\u4e2d\uff1a\u903b\u8f91\u84dd\u56fe\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u84dd\u56fe\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u84dd\u56fe\u548c\u7269\u7406\u84dd\u56fe\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7136\u540e\u5b9e\u65bd\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u5ea6\u91cf\u8be5\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f3a\u70b9\u6216\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6355\u83b7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5faa\u73af\u9636\u6bb5:<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u98ce\u9669\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\u6269\u5c55\u8003\u8651\u7684\u573a\u666f\u9009\u62e9\u677f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u51cf\u8f7b\u98ce\u9669\u6216\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ed3\u6784\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5c11\u91cf\u573a\u666f\uff0c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7136\u540e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bd5\u7740\u5728\u539f\u5148\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53d1\u73b0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6216\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u627e\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u67b6\u6784\u53d8\u66f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u66f4\u65b04\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u89c6\u56fe\uff1a\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u7269\u7406\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u66f4\u4fee\u8ba2\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5347\u7ea7\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u67b6\u6784\u539f\u578b\uff09\u6765\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u7684\u573a\u666f\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7136\u540e\u8bc4\u5ba1\u8fd9\u4e94\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u548c\u901a\u7528\u6027\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u66f4\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51c6\u5219\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6355\u83b7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7ec8\u6b62\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u539f\u578b\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6f14\u8fdb \u3002\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7 2 \u6b21\u6216 3 \u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5f97\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u90fd\u5df2\u88ab\u627e\u5230\u3002\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5219\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u53c2\u5dee\u4e0d\u9f50\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u6240\u5b9e\u65bd\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u672c\u9886\u57df\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u719f\u6089\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u719f\u6089\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6301\u7eed 2-3 \u5468\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c10 K SLOC\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u578b\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a 6-9 \u4e2a\u6708\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c700 K SLOC\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N10318\"><\/a>\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6587\u6863\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u9075\u5faa&#8221;4+1&#8243;\u89c6\u56fe\uff08\u8bf7\u5bf9\u7167\u56fe 13\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u63d0\u7eb2\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u4e86\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b3\u7b56\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u9075\u5b88\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a name=\"N1032A\"><\/a><strong>\u56fe 13 \uff0d \u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u6587\u6863\u63d0\u7eb2<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/image027.gif\" alt=\"\u56fe 13 \uff0d \u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u6587\u6863\u63d0\u7eb2\" width=\"169\" height=\"354\" border=\"0\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"#ibm-pcon\">\u56de\u9875\u9996<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N1033D\"><\/a>\u7ed3\u675f\u8bed<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u672c\u5730\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c&#8221;4\uff0b1&#8243;\u89c6\u56fe\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u8fd0\u7528\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684&#8221;\u98ce\u9669\u627f\u62c5\u4eba&#8221;\u627e\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u9996\u5148\u63a5\u89e6\u7269\u7406\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f6c\u5411\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\uff1b\u6700\u7ec8\u7528\u6237\u3001\u987e\u5ba2\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e13\u5bb6\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\u5165\u624b\uff1b\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u7406\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u4eba\u5458\u5219\u4ece\u5f00\u53d1\u89c6\u56fe\u6765\u770b\u5f85&#8221;4\uff0b1&#8243;\u89c6\u56fe\u3002 \u5728 Rational \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u5217\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Meszaros(BNR)\u3001Hofmeister\u3002Nord \u548c Soni(Siemenms)\u3001Emery \u548c Hilliard\uff08Mitre\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4ed6\u89c6\u56fe\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684 4 \u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 Cost&amp;Schedule \u89c6\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u5165\u5f00\u53d1\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u89c6\u56fe\u5f52\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u89c6\u56fe\u5f52\u5165\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u7269\u7406\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N10348\"><\/a><strong>\u8868 1 \uff0d &#8220;4\uff0b1&#8243;\u89c6\u56fe\u6a21\u578b\u4e00\u89c8\u8868<\/strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/images\/table.gif\" alt=\"\u8868 1 \uff0d &quot;4\uff0b1&quot;\u89c6\u56fe\u6a21\u578b\u4e00\u89c8\u8868\" width=\"580\" height=\"246\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"#ibm-pcon\">\u56de\u9875\u9996<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"N10359\"><\/a>\u81f4\u8c22<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;4+1&#8221; \u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u5728Rational\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684 Hughes Aircraft\u3001Alcatel \u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u7279\u522b\u611f\u8c22\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff1a Ch. Thompson\u3001A. Bell\u3001M.Devlin\u3001G. Booch\u3001W. Royce\u3001J. Marasco\u3001R. Reitman\u3001V. Ohnjec\u3001E. Schonberg\u3002<\/p>\n<p><!-- CMA ID: 58205 --> <!-- Site ID: 10 --> <!-- XSLT stylesheet used to transform this file:  dw-article-6.0-beta.xsl --><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"resources\"><\/a>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>D. Garlan &amp; M. Shaw, &#8220;An Introduction to Software Architecture,&#8221; Advances in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Vol. 1, World Scientific Publishing Co. (1993).<\/li>\n<li>D. E. Perry &amp; A. L. Wolf, &#8220;Foundations for the Study of Software Architecture,&#8221; ACM Software Engineering Notes, 17, 4, October 1992, 40-52.<\/li>\n<li>Ph. Kruchten &amp; Ch. Thompson, &#8220;An Object-Oriented, Distributed Architecture for Large Scale Ada Systems,&#8221; Proceedings of the TRI-Ada &#8217;94 Conference, Baltimore, November 6-11, 1994, ACM,p.262-271.<\/li>\n<li>G. Booch: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications, 2nd. edition, Benjamin-Cummings Pub. Co., Redwood City, California, 1993, 589p.<\/li>\n<li>K. P. Birman, and R. Van Renesse, Reliable Distributed Computing with the Isis Toolkit, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos CA, 1994.<\/li>\n<li>K. Rubin &amp; A. Goldberg, &#8220;Object Behavior Analysis,&#8221; CACM, 35, 9 (Sept. 1992) 48-62<\/li>\n<li>B. I. Witt, F. T. Baker and E. W. Merritt, Software Architecture and Design-Principles, Models, and Methods, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New-York (1994) 324p.<\/li>\n<li>D. Garlan (ed.), Proceedings of the First Internal Workshop on Architectures for Software Systems, CMU-CS-TR-95-151, CMU, Pittsburgh, 1995.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u51fa\u5904 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/\">developerWorks \u4e2d\u56fd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/\">Rational<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/views\/rational\/libraryview.jsp\">\u6587\u6863\u5e93<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a title=\"\u67b6\u6784\u84dd\u56fe--\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784 &quot;4+1&quot; \u89c6\u56fe\u6a21\u578b\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u67b6\u6784\u84dd\u56fe&#8211;\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784 &#8220;4+1&#8221; \u89c6\u56fe\u6a21\u578b : http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/rational\/r-4p1-view\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u67b6\u6784\u84dd\u56fe&#8211;\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784 &#8220;4+1&#8221; \u89c6\u56fe\u6a21\u578b &nbsp; Philippe  &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bohu.net\/blog\/19\/\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u201c\u67b6\u6784\u84dd\u56fe&#8211;\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784 &#8220;4+1&#8221; \u89c6\u56fe\u6a21\u578b\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[354,603,616,617],"class_list":["post-19","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-30","tag-software","tag-603","tag-616","tag-617"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bohu.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bohu.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bohu.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bohu.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bohu.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bohu.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bohu.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bohu.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bohu.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}